What is the effect of high concentrations of carbon dioxide on the body?

High concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body lead to a state known as hypercapnia. This condition primarily affects the central nervous system, resulting in a depression of its function. High CO2 levels can disrupt normal respiratory drive, leading to decreased effectiveness in gas exchange and subsequently lower oxygen levels. As the body accumulates CO2, it can inhibit nerve transmission, resulting in symptoms such as confusion, headaches, dizziness, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness.

The body's normal response to rising CO2 levels typically includes an increase in respiratory rate to expel the excess gas, but in the case of very high concentrations, the central nervous system becomes less responsive, undermining this mechanism. Therefore, the impact of elevated CO2 levels is profound, suppressing the overall activity and function of the nervous system rather than stimulating it or enhancing physiological functions like heart rate or muscle performance.